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[ For more recent research, please see our Research-based Subsets page. These articles can also be found appended at the end of this page.]

CIRCULATORY: ORTHOSTATIC INTOLERANCE/BLOOD VOLUME

Streeten, David H. P., and Bell, D. "Circulating blood volume in chronic fatigue syndrome." JCFS, vol. 4 (1) 1998; 3-11.

Streeten, David H. P., et al. "The roles of orthostatic hypotension, orthostatic tachycardia, and subnormal erythrocyte volume in the pathogenesis of the chronic fatigue syndrome." The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, July 2000, vol. 320, no. 1; 1-8.

 

CIRCULATORY: ORTHOSTATIC INTOLERANCE/HYPERADRENERGIC O.I., NMH AND INAPPROPRIATE RESPONSES TO EPINEPHRINE IN THE UPRIGHT POSTURE/DYSAUTONOMIA

Kavelaars, A., Kuis W., Knook L., et al. "Disturbed Neuroendocrine Immune interactions in chronic fatigue syndrome." J of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2000, vol. 85, no. 2; 692-696. It is significant to note that this article, in opposition to Demitrack's work, found normal cortisol levels but elevated epinephrine levels.

Rowe, P.C., et al. "Is neurally mediated hypotension an unrecognized cause of chronic fatigue syndrome?" Lancet, 1995; 345:623-4.

Shannon, et al. "Orthostatic intolerance and tachycardia associated with norepinephrine-transporter deficiency." New England Journal of Medicine, Feb. 24, 2000, 342[8].

Freeman R., Komaroff A. "Does the chronic fatigue syndrome involve the autonomic nervous system?" AJM 1997; 102:357-364.

Schondorf R., Freeman R. "The importance of orthostatic intolerance in the chronic fatigue syndrome." Am J Med Sci; 317(2):117-123.

Bou-Holaigah I., Rowe P.C., Kan J., Calkins H. "The relationship between neurally mediated hypotension and the chronic fatigue syndrome." JAMA 1995; 274:961-967.

 

CIRCULATORY: HAEMATOLOGY

Simpson, L.O. "Nondiscocytotic erythrocytes in myalgic encephalomyelitis." NZ Med J, 1989; 102 (864): 126-7.

Simpson, L.O. "The role of nondiscocytic erythrocytes in the pathogenesis of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome." Proceedings of the Cambridge Symposium on M.E., April 1990.

Brewer JH, Berg D. “Hypercoaguable state associated with active human herpes virus-6 (HHV-6) viremia in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.” JCFS 8.3-4(2001):111-116.

Berg, D., Berg, L.H., et al. "Chronic fatigue syndrome and/or fibromyalgia as a variation of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS): an explanatory model and approach to laboratory diagnosis." Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis, 1999: 10, 435-438.

 

CIRCULATORY: ORTHOSTATIC INTOLERANCE/CARDIOCIRCULATORY/CARDIOMYOPATHY

Lerner, A. M., Zervos, M., Dworkin H.J., et al. "New cardiomyopathy: a pilot study of intravenous gancyclovir in a subset of the chronic fatigue syndrome." Inf Dis in Clin Pract, 1997; 6:239-43.

Lerner, A. M., Goldstein, J., O'Neill W., et al. "Cardiac involvement in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome as documented with Holter and biopsy data in Birmingham, Michigan, 1991-1993." Inf Dis in Clin Pract, 1997; 6:327-333.

Lerner, A.M.  “Editorial Response: Microbial Persistence and Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy.”  Clinical Infectious Diseases (1999):29:526-7.

Lerner, A.M., et al.  “IgM Serum Antibodies to Human Cytomegalovirus Nonstructural Gene Products p52 and CM2 (UL44 and UL57) are Uniquely Present in a Subset of Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.”  In Vivo 16:153-160 (2002).

 

MUSCLE MYOPATHY: MUSCLE METABOLISM/MITOCHONDRIAL MYOPATHY

Behan, W. M., More, I.A., Behan, P.O. "Mitochondrial abnormalities in the postviral fatigue syndrome." ACTA Neuropathol (Berl), 1991;83(1):61-5.

Zhang C., Baumer A., et al. "Unusual pattern of mitochondrial DNA deletions in skeletal muscle of an adult human with chronic fatigue syndrome." Hum Mol Genet, 1995 Apr.; 4(4):751-4.

McCully K.K., Natelson B.H., et al. "Reduced oxidative muscle metabolism in chronic fatigue syndrome." Muscle Nerve, 1996 May; 19(5):621-5.

Behan, W.M.H., Holt, I.J., et al. "In vitro study of muscle aerobic metabolism in chronic fatigue syndrome." JCFS, 5.1(1999):np.

Lane, R. J., et al. "Heterogeneity in chronic fatigue syndrome: evidence from magnetic resonance spectroscopy of muscle." Neuromuscular Disorders 83 (4):204-209.

Lane, R.J., et al. "Muscle fiber characteristics and lactate responses to exercise in chronic fatigue syndrome." J of Neurol, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 64(3):362-367.

McCully, K.K., Natelson, B.H. "Impaired oxygen delivery to muscle in chronic fatigue syndrome." Clin Sci (Colch) 1999, Nov; 97(5):603-8;discussion 611-3.

Kuratsune H., Yamaguti K., et al. "Acylcarnitine deficiency in chronic fatigue syndrome." Clin Inf Dis 1994; 18(suppl1):62-67.

Griggs R.C., Karpati G. "Muscle pain, fatigue, and mitochondriopathies." NEJM 1999; 341:1077-78.

Manfredi, G., Beal M.S. "The role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases." Brain Pathol 2000 Jul; 10(3):462-72.

 

IMMUNOLOGY

Wagner, S., Helder, L., Klimas, N., et al. "Immunologic Status Correlates with Severity of Physical Symptoms in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients." Reductions in T-Suppressor cytotoxic cells were related to greater severity of CFS-related physical symptoms and illness burden, suggesting greater symptoms are associated with lower availability of regulatory T cells. (Editor's note: Interestingly, low CD-8 cells are seen in dilated cardiomyopathy.)

Sudaholnik RJ, Peterson DL, O'Brien K, Cheney PR et al. "Biochemical evidence for a novel low molecular weight 2-5A-dependent Rnase L in chronic fatigue syndrome." J of Interferon & Cytokine Research. 17(7):377-85, 1997.

 

M.E.

A preliminary version of the Canadian Consensus Panel definition is located in Dr. Kenny van DeMeirleir's book Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Biological Approach, February 2002, CRC Press, pg. 275.

Ramsay AM. Myalgic Encephalomyelitis: A Baffling Syndrome with a Tragic Aftermath. M.E. Association Journal 1986 UK.

Ramsay AM, O'Sullivan E. "Encephalomyelitis simulating poliomyelitis. Lancet 1956; 1:761-66.

 

BRAIN

DeLuca, J., Johnson S.K., Ellis S.P., Natelson B.H. "Cognitive functioning is impaired in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome devoid of psychiatric disease." J Neurol Neursurg Psychiatry 1997; 62:151-155.

Tirelli U., et al. "Brain positron emission tomography (PET) in chronic fatigue syndrome." AJM 105, 3A(1998):54S-58S.

 

FATIGUE AS UNSCIENTIFIC

Muscio, B. “Is a fatigue test possible? A report to the Industrial Fatigue Research Board.” Br J Psych 1921; 12:31-46.

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